Which of the following was an independent center of plant domestication?

Which of the following was an independent center of plant domestication?
a. North America
b. Australia
c. Europe
d. Hawaii
Caral in the Andean region and Eridu in Mesopotamia are both probable examples of _____________ .
a. densely populated cities without agriculture
b. the early importance of cult/pilgrimage centers during archaic state development
c. colonies founded by traders
d. cities sacked during warfare
Which of the following is a trait found in nearly ALL archaic states discussed in this course?
a. early writing first occurs on public monuments glorifying leaders
b. maritime trade
c. cities
d. longhouses
The most common organizational form of archaic states during initial state formation around the globe
is a(n) _________________________.
a. territorial state
b. city-state
c. empire
d. nation state
The earliest cities in Mesopotamia date to the ___________ period.
a. Halaf
b. Natufian
c. Akkadian
d. Uruk
Most early writing in ________________ is on stone monuments devoted to the glorification of leaders
and recording their histories.
a. Mesopotamia
b. Mesoamerica
c. ancient China
d. the Mississippi Valley
The control of cult centers by the Inkan empire is an example of the importance of __________ power.
a. geographic
b. ideological
c. agricultural
d. hydraulic
Which of the following statements about archaic states is true?
a. Archaic states were stable political formations that usually lasted for 1000s of years.
b. All archaic states used hieroglyphic writing systems to glorify leaders.
c. Periods of political consolidation were often followed by the collapse of archaic state polities.
d. All archaic states formed in areas where riverine irrigation was necessary for agriculture.
Animal bones covered in writing found at Anyang were used for:
a. prophecy and communicating with the dead
b. recording business transactions
c. public displays in temple plazas
d. sending messages to Mesopotamia
Banderkeramik long houses in Europe are markers of:
a. interaction with Mesopotamian populations
b. the prosperity of farmers
c. iron smelting
d. socioeconomic units composed of multiple smaller households
Uruk period states in Mesopotamia and Tiwanaku and Wari states in the Andes both utilized
The control of __________________ was important in the development of an archaic state centered at
Great Zimbabwe.
a. trade of ivory and metals
b. irrigation networks
c. a large army
d. a pilgrimage center on the Zambezi River
The geographic location of the earliest cities of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties:
a. provided an ideal spot for maize agriculture.
b. enabled control over trade between highland/lowland areas.
c. was ideal for rice agriculture.
d. enabled control over oceanic trade.
Bronze objects produced by specialists associated with leaders in ancient Chinese states were primarily
d. as money.
__________________ at the late Neolithic Chinese site of Taosi is/are evidence for pre-state social
complexity.
a. Giant carved stone heads
b. Shell from the Indian Ocean
c. Massive bronzesmithing workshops
d. Elaborate burials
Robert Carneiro’s warfare model of state formation proposes that archaic states arose through violent
competition over:
a. cult centers
b. limited agricultural land
c. mineral sources
d. trade routes
____________ and ____________ are some of the most widespread elements of ancient Mesoamerican
d. Ball courts, oracle bones
Some archaeologists argue the Olmec were the “Mother Culture” of Mesoamerican societies because:
d. they arose out of a migration of farmers bringing maize from the Andean region.