Part one

1.What is operationalization? What are typical choices to make in operationalization?

2. Briefly, what are the steps in conceptualizing and operationalizing the general concept of “poverty”?

3.Conceptualize and operationalize each of the following general concepts, following the textbook’s step-by-step approach. What are some of the choices to make in operationalizing them?

• Depression
• Parental monitoring,
• School quality

Part two

1.What are the four basic types of measurement? Give two examples of each type. What are advantages and disadvantages of each type?

2.What is measurement validity and reliability? Give three examples of each.

3.What is an additional type of measurement: time-span measurement? Give three examples.

Part three

1.What is triangulation? What are the types of and reasons for triangulation?

2.What is a mixed-methods approach (which may involve triangulation), and what are three different examples? What are the advantages of a mixed-methods approach (possibly including triangulation)?

3.How did journalists use triangulation to investigate nursing homes during the pandemic?

4. How has Matthew Desmond used triangulation to study evictions (see Evicted; “How we undercounted …”)?