Please answer each of the questions in four to five sentences:

1. What is ethical relativism, and how does it differ from ethical egoism?
2. What is the greatest happiness principle, and how does it establish utilitarianism as an ethical theory?
3. For Immanuel Kant, what gives an action moral worth? How does this relate to his distinction between pathological and practical love?
4. How does Philippa Foot define moral virtue, and why does she think that wisdom is a moral virtue rather than just an intellectual virtue?
5. What is care ethics, and why does Virginia Held think that an ethics of care must be in place before there can be justice in a society?
6. What is the concept of natural law, and how does it establish human rights?
7. According to Appiah, what is the difference between racialism, extrinsic racism, and intrinsic racism? Why does he think both forms of racism are in the end irrational?
8. According to Gardiner, why is climate change a “perfect moral storm”? What are the three different “storms” contributing to the problem?
9. How does Sztybel argue for conceptualizing animals as persons? Why does he think it is important that we think of animals as persons?
10. What does Lango mean when he says he wants to generalize and temporalize the principles of Just War Theory? How does the principle of just cause change given his treatment?