Issues related to the cultural aspect of international business.

Objective

The Case will focus on issues related to the cultural aspect of international business. Sustainable business practices include CSR issues, foreign investment, and the benefits of regional integration for the countries within, and companies doing business in, that region.  The case study analysis will be completed on an individual basis.

Instructions

Read the case study and answer the questions that follow. Each answer must be based on facts from the case and all of the course materials. Each answer should be 1-2 pages long for a total submission length of 10 pages maximum (double spaced, 12 pt font), and must be prepared in APA style format.

THE CASE: Kaizer Consulting

Kaizer Consulting is an international management consulting firm that specializes in business strategy and serves as a key advisor to the world’s leading companies.  It provides its clients with the unique insight to drive critical decision-making and solve their most pressing problems.

Every year, the majority of Kaizer’s business comes from clients with whom they have worked in the previous year – an indicator of Kaizer’s ability to achieve lasting results for its clients. Kaizer’s client relationships are enduring as many clients have remained customers for more than a decade and have become project partners.

The Client has a Problem

The manager of a product category at a Fortune 50 technology company (The Client) approached Kaizer to analyze the complete range of supply chain challenges his company would face when they entered Vietnam — a new market in South-East Asia that was presently dominated by a large single competitor.  Initially, it was agreed that The Client would benefit most from a set of detailed analyses of the market which would focus on a providing a deep understanding of the

• market’s culture and business practices and
• manufacturing, distribution, and retail operations required to execute their market development plans. 

The Client was aware of some cultural differences in the new market, but was under the impression that it would be able to proceed as it normally did when entering a new market. Further, The Client believed that the competitor’s primary advantage was based on optimized management of the distribution network and aggressive retailing.  The Client thought it could proceed on that basis with its usual market entry strategy, but wanted to obtain Kaizer’s opinions on this before proceeding.

Kaizer’s Approach

Based on extensive research about the market generally, but specifically with individuals, focus groups, cultural experts, CSR and legal experts, suppliers, industry experts, vendors, and employees of companies in similar situations, Kaizer realized that:

• The Client’s competitor had committed a number of culturally-based mistakes, primarily with respect to age and gender issues and local social taboos.  Although these were not disastrous, the mistakes were covered in the media and had created the general impression that the competitor didn’t really care about the target market’s traditional cultural values, beliefs, customs, and norms.
• The Client’s competitor had selected the target market in part because of lax enforcement of environmental protection laws and government corruption.  Social media and the mass media soon discovered how the competitor was conducting business in the target market.  Subsequently, the competitor had to perform substantial damage control to protect its international reputation of being socially-responsible. The competitor is currently facing legal action in Canada and the US for its alleged corrupt business practices.
• The Client’s competitor’s key business advantage was actually based on long-term production contracts; in effect, the competitor had become partners with its suppliers.  By doing so, the competitor had leveraged its foreign investment in a number of ways: it had created a supply chain that achieved a number of cost savings on commodities, equipment, machines, and technologies; helped improve the local economy by providing relatively high-paying jobs to local people; and contributed to social and political stability in the country. 

Kaizer’s Findings

With the new knowledge provided by Kaizer, The Client:

• Refocused its market entry and distribution strategies from enhancing warehousing and retail systems to more innovative production plans that incorporated local benefits and added a plan to use Vietnam as a base for expansion into other countries in the region particularly India, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
• Challenged its managers and employees to develop highly ethical Codes of Conduct and CSR strategies that supported its long-term operations in the target market.
• Most importantly, was able to develop an overall approach that was culturally sensitive and appropriate, even humorous.  This approach was reflected in all the client’s negotiation and partnership development activities and clearly demonstrated its respect for the target market’s culture. 

Next Steps

Kaizer has recognized that this work could become a model for future work with this client and others in similar situations.  They’ve asked you to provide comments and a framework to analyze these situations more efficiently.

Questions

1. Cultural understanding is a key element of this situation.  Comment on the importance of this aspect of market entry and development, being sure to discuss the key elements of understanding and working effectively in Vietnam.
2. Using the Hofstede Framework, analyze the Vietnameseculture with reference to concepts covered in the course materials.
3. CSR and business practices are another set of critical issues in this case.  Describe four CSR issues and explain how these issues can impact a company’s international business activities. 
4. The Client, in order to develop its Market Entry Strategy fully, will be required to make an investment in Vietnam.  Explain each of the four means of incorporating risk into market entry strategies if The Client wanted to use an Adaptation Strategy.
5. The Client will benefit from trading with other countries in the region.  Briefly describe the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of regional integration.

Evaluation

The Case Study will be marked in its entirety out of 100. The following rubric indicates the criteria students are to adhere to, and their relative weights to the assignment overall.

ACTIVITY/COMPETENCIES DEMONSTRATED	% of Final Grade
1.	Content (60%)
	a. Describes the importance of cultural understanding in market entry and development.	/15
	b. Analyzes Vietnamese culture using the Hofstede framework.	/10
	c. Describes four CSR issues and explains how these issues can impact a company’s international business activities.	/10
	d. Explain each of the four means of incorporating risk into market entry strategies.	/10
	e. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of regional integration.	/15
2.	Communication (25%)
	a. Uses language clearly and effectively.	/10
	b. Information organized intelligently and holistically (i.e., not simply answers to questions).	/10
	c. Proper introduction and conclusion to paper.	/5
3	Attention to Detail (15%)
	a. APA Formatting (title, headings, and references).	/10
	b. Spelling and grammar.	/5
Total	/100

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