The response must be 200 words and use at least 2 scholarly citation(s) in APA format. Any sources cited must have been published within the last five years. Acceptable sources include texts, articles, presentations, the Bible, blogs, videos, etc.

Textbook:

Johnson, T. A. (2015). Cybersecurity: Protecting critical infrastructures from cyber attack and cyber warfare.Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN: 9781482239225.

Pichtel, J. (2016). Terrorism and WMDs (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN: 9781498738989.

**KELSEY**

Costs of Cyber Security

Cyber security breaches or intrusions and preventions that make the information systems less prone to attacks are susceptible to cost issues. Usually, the cost accrued on the prevention of breach is calculated upfront, and recovery costs after intrusion are sudden.  There are things that all organizations or cyber security vendors that have gone through cyber security breaches have in common, that is, the recovery process of an intrusion being more costly than the usual cyber security prevention costs (Nic, 2018). Organizations typically absorb several costs out of cybersecurity breaches that are either financial disruptive or non-financial disruptive.  Most of the costs range from fixing and recovering from a breach to business loss and reputation damage. Normally, the recovery cost forms the highest price, most shoots to accrued true costs (Nic, 2018).  Regardless of the size of the organization, cyber security breaches tend to be integrated. The more the disruptions hit the organization financially, the more the organization’s reputation may be at the edge.  The cost of prevention may be budgeted as it’s fiscally sound, but the recovery process accrues both financial and non-financial costs.

Threats landscape

As technology scales, the threat landscape and scope have continued to widen, attracting new malware, vulnerabilities, and a peculiar team of attackers using techniques that pose dangers to IT systems. By context means the threat landscape attracts specific sectors of industries, individuals, or organizations.  These include possession of valuable information by cyber-criminals, advancement of security levels, and inclusion of geospatial features, particularly APTs that target new tech users (Kaspersky, 2020). Further, the threat landscape is defined through changes that it undergoes over time and as events change to impact organizations or a team of individuals. Various factors impact the threat landscape for the current and next generations. These include constant update and release of decent software under the engineering sector, the emergence of new vulnerabilities that are loopholes to organizations, and the design of decent hardware that offer opportunities for organizations to step up their services such as cloud computing (Kaspersky, 2020).

Transformation changes in cybersecurity

In efforts to be up to date with technological changes that attract new threats and attacks, the information communication technology industry is also witnessing digital transformational changes for enhancing cyber security. Typically, these changes revolve around planning to set aside sufficient resources and time and prioritize particular techniques with new technology (SDI, 2021). Time is a factor in infrastructure assessment, employee education and training, and replacing obsolete tech with edge-cutting technology. Further, more organizations see the cybersecurity issue from a business point of view more than a technical problem. All these transformations revolve around the corporate mentality towards cyber security (SDI, 2021). That way, organizations can stay proactively fortifying potential threats.